The Himalayas is the most majestic, tall and young folded mountain system on earth. Before Eocene, the Himalayas were in a long-term sinking shallow sea environment. Under the action of extremely strong Himalayan movement, the Himalayas rose from the sea. By the end of tertiary, it had risen to a high mountain with an average height of more than 3000 meters. Therefore, under the influence of global climate change, Mount Everest has experienced several major Pleistocene glaciations, leaving behind various glacial related sediments and interglacial deposits. In 1960, the scientific investigation team of the Chinese Everest mountaineering team and the scientific investigation team of the Chinese xishabangma mountaineering team in 1964 conducted a more detailed investigation on the glaciers and other Quaternary sediments in the two peaks and their adjacent areas. During the scientific investigation of Mount Qomolangma from 1966 to 1968, on the basis of previous work, the Quaternary glacial deposits characteristic of this area were further investigated, and the research on various deposits in interglacial period and post glacial period was strengthened, so as to find some complete and typical quaternary stratigraphic profiles. This data set comes from the field investigation of the scientific research team in this book. Outline This paper introduces the spatial distribution characteristics of Quaternary sediments, focuses on several main quaternary stratigraphic profiles, preliminarily establishes the sequence of Quaternary strata in this area and discusses the age of strata. It lays a foundation for in-depth discussion of Quaternary glaciation, paleoclimate and the rise of Himalayas in this area.
Tibetan Scientific Expedition of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Magnetic susceptibility and chromaticity data of the Oligocene Baiyanghe Formation in the southern margin of the Jiuxi Basin on the northeastern margin of the Tibet Plateau. The data are experimental data. The average sampling interval in the field is 1m, and a total of 437 pieces of magnetic susceptibility and chromaticity data were obtained. Magnetic susceptibility data was measured with a Bartington MS-2 portable magnetic susceptibility meter; chromaticity data was measured with a Konica Minolta CM-700 spectrophotometer. Sample collection, pre-processing and experimental procedures were carried out in accordance with strict standards, and the quality of the data obtained was reliable. The results show that the magnetic susceptibility and chromaticity values in the lower part of Baiyanghe Formation have consistent and obvious changes. Combined with the variation characteristics of the strata sedimentary facies in the profile, it is believed that a climate change event occurred in the early Baiyanghe Formation in the southern margin of the Jiuxi Basin. A large number of previous studies on stratigraphy, sedimentology and thermochronology revealed that there were no obvious tectonic events in the northeastern margin of the Tibet Plateau during this period, indicating that the climate change events in this area may be caused by regional climate changes. The climate information reflected by the magnetic susceptibility and chromaticity data of the Baiyanghe Formation in the southern margin of the Jiuxi Basin can provide data support for the study of the paleoclimate in the northeastern margin of the Tibet Plateau.
DAI Shuang
The Cenozoic terrestrial chemical weathering records from the surrounding areas of the Tibetan Plateau are of great significance for understanding the relationship between Tibetan Plateau uplift, chemical weathering and global cooling. In this study, detailed mineralogical and geochemical analysis were performed on the early Cenozoic sediments from the Hongliugou section (54-26 Ma) in the Qaidam Basin, the Xiejia section in the Xining Basin (52-26 Ma) and the Caijiachong section in the Qujing Basin (46.6-36 Ma). Then a comprehensive chemical weathering history of the Early Cenozoic (54-26 Ma) in the northeastern and southeastern Tibetan Plateau was established. Specially, clay minerals of 315 samples from the Hongliugou section, 131 samples from the Xiejia section and 230 samples from the Caijiachong section were analyzed using Bruker D8+ X-ray diffraction analyzer. Major and trace elements of 310 samples from the Hongliugou section, 120 samples from Xiejia section and 201 samples from the Caijiachong section were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES; Leeman Labs Prodigy-H) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS; X-7; Thermo-Elemental, USA), respectively. While the hematite content of 835 samples from the Hongliugou section were determined using a Purkinje General TU1901 UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The regional chemical weathering intensity as suggested by clay mineral assemblage (i.e. (illite/smectite mixed layers + smectite)/illite), elemental geochemical indices (e.g., CIA) and hematite content shows a long-term decreasing trend in 54-26Ma, resembling the contemporary benthic oxygen isotopes variations, thus indicating that global temperature is the main controlling factor regulating the reginal chemical weathering in the early Cenozoic.
FANG Xiaomin , FANG Xiaomin, HAN Wenxia HAN Wenxia
Guided by the theories of plate tectonics, paleogeography, petroliferous basin analysis and sedimentary basin dynamics, a large number of data and achievements of geological research and oil and gas geological research in the pan third pole in recent years are collected, including basic materials such as strata, sedimentation, paleontology, paleogeography, paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, structure, oil and gas (potassium salt) geology, especially paleomagnetism Based on the data of paleontology, detrital zircon and geochemistry, combined with the results of typical measured stratigraphic sections, the Cenozoic lithofacies and climate paleogeographic pattern are restored and reconstructed, and the pan tertiary Cenozoic lithofacies paleogeographic map (1) and pan tertiary Cenozoic climate paleogeographic map (3) are obtained, in order to explore the impact of paleogeography, paleostructure and paleoclimate on oil and gas Control and influence of (including potassium salt) resources, so as to reveal the geological conditions of oil and gas formation and the law of resource distribution, and provide scientific basis and technical support for China's overseas and domestic oil and gas exploration deployment.
LI Yalin
Guided by the theory of plate tectonics, paleogeography, petroliferous basin analysis and sedimentary basin dynamics, we have collected a large number of data and achievements of geological research and petroleum geology in recent years, including strata, sedimentation, paleontology, paleogeography, paleoenvironment, paleoclimate, structure, oil and gas (potash) geology and other basic materials, especially paleomagnetism, Paleogene Based on the data of detrital zircon and geochemistry, combined with the results of typical measured stratigraphic sections, the lithofacies and climate paleogeographic pattern of Cretaceous were restored and reconstructed, and two lithofacies paleogeographic maps of early and late Cretaceous of Pan tertiary and two climate paleogeographic maps of early and late Cretaceous of Pan tertiary were obtained, aiming at discussing the influence of paleogeography, paleostructure and paleoclimate In order to reveal the geological conditions and resource distribution of oil and gas formation, and provide scientific basis and technical support for China's overseas and domestic oil and gas exploration deployment.
LI Yalin
Collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates produced concomitant uplift of the Tibetan Plateau and its basin-ridge geomorphological systems. Surface relief of the Tibetan Plateau has significant dynamic and thermal effects on atmospheric circulation and on regional and global climate. It has been considered as one of the key drivers for the formation of the Asian monsoon, enhanced erosion and weathering, global decreased CO2 during the Cenozoic. Finally, this uplift caused global cooling in the Cenozoic. However, at present, the driving mechanisms of these processes still remain controversies and have not been clearly confirmed by records of chemical weathering from the Tibetan Plateau. This dataset includes major elemental compositions of the Fenghuoshan Group (thick of ~4500 m) from the Hoh Xil Basin which has been dated back to the Late Cretaceous-Eocence. Element was measured in the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences using XRF-1500. The resconstructed Paleogene chemical weathering sequences allow us to constrain the trends of chemical weathering history of the studied area. We found that intensity of chemical weathering is well correlated with global temperature change. These results provide further data supprot for discussing the dynamic mechanisms and links among the Paleogene chemical weathering in the Hoh Xil Basin, uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, and global change.
JIN Chunsheng
1) This paper reports a new Middle Jurassic progonocimicid bug from Northeast China, named Cicadocoris parvus. 2) The fossils come from the middle layer of Daohugou bed of Haifanggou Formation in Daohugou area, Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia. The images of fossils are obtained by using V16 microscope, the plates are made by using PS software, and the line drawings and maps are drawn by using CDR software. 3) The fossil material consists of 40 in total, including 21 males, 12 females and 7 unknown sex, which are preserved in the gray tuffaceous shale in the middle layer of Daohugou bed、 4) In this paper, the detailed morphological measurements of the new species and show that they are the dominant species in the Jurassic Daohugou biota.
FU Yanzhe
1) This paper reports a new genus and species of Sinoalidae, named Stictocercopis wuhuaensis. 2) The fossils are from Daohugou area, Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia. The V16 microscope and scanning electron microscope are used to take photos. The PS software is used to make plates and the CDR software is used to draw line drawings. 3) The new genera and species are based on three fossils and, preserved in tuffaceous shale in the middle layer of Daohugou bed. 4) In this paper, the palaeobiodiversity and morphological diversity of sinoalid in the Jurassic Daohugou biota have been increased. It is suggested that there was a radiation evolution event in the early Jurassic.
FU Yanzhe
1) This paper describes a new species of Sinoalidae from the Daohugou biota of Middle to Late Jurassic, revises the synonym jiania, and proves the correlation between the Daohugou fossil bed and the Jiulongshan Formation in Luanping. 2) The fossil materials come from Daohugou area, Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Mongolia in the Middle to Late Jurassic of China. The images of the fossils are imaged by V16 stereomicroscope, the plates are made by PS software, and the line drawings are drawn by CDR software. 3) The new species is based on two fossils, which are preserved in tuff shale. 4) This paper proves the stratigraphic correlation between Daohugou bed and Jiulongshan Formation in Luanping, Hebei Province from the perspective of biostratigraphy.
FU Yanzhe
1) This paper reports a fossil palaeontinid from the upper Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation in China and its paleobiogeographical significance; 2) The fossils come from the Linglongta layer in the Guancaishan section of Jianping County, western Liaoning Province, China; The images of fossils were imaged by V16 microscope, the plates were made by PS, and the line drawings were drawn by CDR software; 3) The new species is based on one well-preserved fossil palaeontinid; 4) This paper compares the new species with the palaeontinid from Karabastau Formation of Kazakhstan and Chita area of Russia in detail, providing paleontological evidence for the closure time of the Okhotsk Sea.
FU Yanzhe
1) This paper reports a new fossil assemblage of sinoalid at the top of the Jurassic Daohugou bed, summarizes the distribution and evolution of the froghoppers in the Daohugou biota, and reveals the paleoecological significance. 2) The fossil material comes from the top layer of Daohugou bed. V16 microscope is used to photograph the fossils, PS software is used to make plates, and CDR software is used to draw line drawings and map. 3) A total of 12 fossils of the sinoalids are well preserved in the gray tuffaceous shale. 4) This paper summarizes the assemblage characteristics of sinoalids in different layers from bottom to top of the Jurassic Daohugou biota, and analyzes the distribution, evolution and paleoecological significance of the Cercopoidea.
FU Yanzhe
1) In this paper, lichnomesopyche Ren, labandeira, and Shih, 2010, are systematically revised. 2) The fossil material is from the Daohugou layer in Ningcheng County, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia. The image of the fossil is made with Canon camera and V20 microscope, and PS software. 3) The morphological revision of lichnomesopyche is based on five well preserved fossils from the middle layer of Daohugou bed. 4) The results show that the male genitalia of Chrysopa longicornis is the key feature of species classification.
FU Yanzhe
The samples were collected from the suobcha section of Wenquan area, South Qiangtang sag, Qiangtang basin, Tibet. The carbon isotope data were measured by thermo Finnigan mat-253 carbon isotope mass spectrometer at Beijing Institute of uranium geology, CNNC. The mass extinction event of the Late Triassic is relatively poorly-known among the five major extinction events in the Phanerozoic. Moreover, the typical marine Triassic-Jurassic (T-J) records are absent in regions other than the western Tethys and Boreal realms, and thus major questions remain as to the global significance and cause(s) of the event. Especially in the eastern Tethys, no marine sedimentary records of the T-J transition are known from open marine facies, and thus the extent and significance of the marine T-J transition are unclear. We show the first high-resolution carbonate carbon-isotope record, geochemistry, palaeontologic and lithological data from a marine T-J section (Wenquan section). In the columnar profile, we place the T-J boundary at the top of grainstone layers representing the shallowest water deposit. Our results reveal that the carbonate carbon-isotope record contains two different excursions in the Wenquan section of northern Tibet, China. These are consistent with the “initial” and “main” negative carbon-isotope excursions (CIEs) found in the global stratotype section and point (GSSP), strongly suggesting their global nature. A biological crisis together with paleoceanographic changes was identified near the main CIE. This means that a mass of isotopically light carbon was rapidly released into the air and oceans, resulting in environmental changes and biological crisis.
HU Fangzhi
In the summer of 2019, the surface sediments of Nam Co, Wuru Co, Gren Co, Qiago Co, Dazz Co, Saibu Co, Gomang Co, Guomang Co, Bamu Co, Nurma Co, Nariping Co, Zhi Co, Jiang Co, Daru Co and Yueqia Co lakes in Nam Co and Siling Co area were collected by grab. The lake sediments were brought back to the laboratory and frozen, and then put into the freeze dryer for freeze drying, The freeze-dried samples were ground to powder by agate mortar, and then the samples were tested by XPert3 Powder X-ray diffraction method. Based on the analysis of Highscore Plus0 software, the content of each major mineral was obtained. The results show that the main minerals in this area are stalagmite, aragonite, calcite and illite.
MENG Xianqiang
The influence of deformation and metamorphism of post volcanic massive sulfide on the trace elements and sulfur lead isotopic composition of sulfide is still unclear. The Keketale VMS Pb Zn (- Ag) deposit provides an opportunity to solve the above problems; Five ore samples from No.7 and No.9 orebodies were crushed and screened for lead isotope analysis of bulk minerals, 17 polished thick sulfide samples were used for in-situ trace element and sulfur lead isotope analysis, 66 trace element determination points were analyzed, and 25 sulfur isotope points were determined; A total of 18 point pairs of different minerals were selected for lead isotope analysis, and LA-ICP-MS method was used
YU Pengpeng, ZHENG Yi
This data is the grain size data set of the XS loess section at Ganzi in the east of Qinghai Tibet Plateau. The whole section is 10 meters thick, and the grain size analysis is carried out according to the interval of 2.5cm. A total of 398 groups of grain size data are obtained. The grain size analysis was carried out at the Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems（Ministry of Education), Lanzhou University. Before the measurement, the organic matter and carbonate in the sample were removed by H2O2 and hydrochloric acid, then adding the sodium hexago-hydrophosphate and vibrating for about 10 min to disperse samples by using ultrasonic apparatus. All measurements are conducted by using the Mastersizer 2000. This data reflects variations of the loess grain size since the last interglacial, which is of great importance for understanding past evionroment changes in the eastern Tibet Plateau.
YANG Shengli
Natural changes and human impacts of typical karst environments in historical periods: stalagmite recording project is a major research program of "Environmental and Ecological Science in Western China" sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. The person in charge is Tan Ming, a researcher at the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The project runs from January 2002 to December 2009. The temperature data of Beijing hot months (May, June, July and August) in 2650 (665 B.C.-A.D. 1985) are the results of the project. The data are reconstructed according to the correlation between the annual thickness of stalagmites in Shihua Cave in Beijing and meteorological observation data. The temperature signals reflected by soil carbon dioxide and cave dripping are amplified by the soil-organic matter-carbon dioxide system and recorded by the annual sequence of stalagmites. Although the general trend of temperature has decreased in recent thousands of years, the reconstructed temperature reveals that the climate has experienced repeated rapid warming on a century scale. This result is related to other records in the northern hemisphere, indicating that there is a hemispheric influence on the periodic changes of temperature in the sub-millennium scale. The data contains a txt file with attribute fields such as yr.AD, layer number, original thickness (um), maximum error in um (+-), sedimentary trend, detrended thickness (um), reconstructed temperature, maximum error in degree C (+ -), temperature anomaly, temperature anomaly + error, temperature anomaly-error, maximum error in age (yr. +-).
TAN Ming, ZHANG Hucai, LI Tieying
This data set collected zircon U-Pb isotope age data of the granites in the southern Qiangtang terrane of the Tibetan Plateau from articles published before October 2014. The data were analyzed by Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICPMS), Sensitive High-Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP), and Isotope Dilution Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ID TIMS). The data were obtained according to laboratory standards, and the data quality met laboratory requirements. The data contents are as follows: Region Locality Lithology Sample No. Dating method Age (Ma) References
LIU Deliang
The Southern Tibet Rift System (STRS) is one of the most prominent tectonic and geomorphological features in the southern Tibetan Plateau. The Jilong-Oma and Dati basins are located in the northern Himalaya Mountains. The late Cenozoic sedimentary sequences deposited in these two rift basins have archived abundant information about formation and evolution of the STRS and the uplift process of the Tibetan Plateau. The detailed stratigraphic and sedimentologic investigations were conducted on the late Cenozoic sediments in the Jilong-Oma basins. The late Cenozoic sediments in the Jilong-Oma Basin is over 610 m in thickness, including the lower conglomerate member of the fan delta facies (Danzengzhukang Fm., 400-600 m), the middle mudstone interbedded with sandstone member of fluvio-lacustrine facies (Oma Fm., 200-400 m) and the upper conglomerate intercalated with mudstone member of alluvial fan facies (Gongba Fm., 200-0 m). The Hipparion fossils were previously found at the bottom of the Oma Fm. The late Cenozoic sediments in the Dati Basin have a thickness of ~300 m, iucluding the lower mudstone, sandstone and sandy conglomerate member of fluvio-lacustrine faceis (Dati Fm., 80-305 m), and the upper conglomerate member of alluvial fan facies (Gongba Fm., 80-0 m). The Hipparion fossils were previously found at the upper part of the Dati Fm. By comparing with the Zhada Basin in the west part of the Himalaya orogen, it shows that these rift basins experienced the similar sedimentary evolution history and have the comparable Hipparion fossils. Establishing the precise chronology of these sediments and carrying out comprehensive comparison analyses between the rift basins play important roles in understanding the formation and evolution of the STRS, the uplift and deformation processes of the southern Tibetan Plateau and the climate change in the surrounding areas.
ZHANG Weilin
Paleomagnetic Dataset of Zagros forelandbasin in IranPaleomagnetic Dataset of Zagros forelandbasin in IranPaleomagnetic Dataset of Zagros forelandbasin in IranPaleomagnetic Dataset of Zagros forelandbasin in IranPaleomagnetic Dataset of Zagros forelandbasin in IranPaleomagnetic Dataset of Zagros forelandbasin in Iran
SUN Jimin
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